Industrial Bonds

Industrial Networks Trust Bonds: A Sociological Perspective

The core question that supports this paper aims to identify the role of trust bonds in a subcontracting/cooperation network. The empirical research relies on a case study of an industrial network, developed in the north of Portugal (Águeda and nearby), within the bicycles’ subsector, covering about 25 enterprises. We identified patterns of relationships amongst the subcontracting and subcontrac...

The Statewide Economic Impact of Small-Issue Industrial Revenue Bonds

Rational mutagenesis by engineering disulphide bonds improves Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase for high-temperature industrial applications

Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase (Kl-β-Gal) is one of the most important enzymes in the dairy industry. The poor stability of this enzyme limits its use in the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and other applications requiring high operational temperature. To obtain thermoresistant variants, a rational mutagenesis strategy by introducing disulphide bonds in the interface between th...

Efficient production of 2H, 13C, 15N-enriched industrial enzyme Rhizopus chinensis lipase with native disulfide bonds

BACKGROUND In order to use most modern methods of NMR spectroscopy to study protein structure and dynamics, isotope-enriched protein samples are essential. Especially for larger proteins (>20 kDa), perdeuterated and Ile (δ1), Leu, and Val methyl-protonated protein samples are required for suppressing nuclear relaxation to provide improved spectral quality, allowing key backbone and side chain r...

Nominal Bonds, Real Bonds, and Equity∗

We decompose the term structure of expected equity returns into (1) the real short rate, (2) a premium for holding real long-term bonds, or the real duration premium, the excess returns of nominal long-term bonds over real bonds which reflects (3) expected inflation and (4) inflation risk, and (5) a real cashflow risk premium, which is the excess return of equity over nominal bonds. The shape o...